These now go by widely-recognized and sometimes colourful names. To counteract these psychological tendencies, we need to make better use of the thinking tools that have been developed since Aristotle’s invention of logic.Ī particular step forward has been the identification and labelling of various different types of bad argument, collectively known as informal fallacies. However, in the last hundred years, cognitive science has made it increasingly evident that we largely see the world through biases, and do not reliably think either rationally or objectively when left to our own devices, including in our economic choices. Classical economic theory, for instance, is based on the assumption that we tend to make rational decisions. It didn’t used to be thought that we require tools for thinking better. Whenever a useful new word is invented, a new thinking tool is made available. Language, for instance, is a thinking tool, because it enables us to think better, through internal dialogue and by the sharing of ideas with others. In the same way that there are tools for building, there are what philosopher Daniel Dennett calls ‘thinking tools’. In fact, by the time you finish reading this article you will have become smarter, because you will see the flaws in your own and others’ arguments more clearly. Have you ever heard of the Straw Man fallacy, or the Red Herring fallacy? If not, perhaps you will be interested to know that these form parts of a set of concepts that have the potential to enhance your thinking power.
#Red herring logical fallacy latin series
Not surprisingly, then, Fforde takes one of the main plot elements of the detective thriller, the red herring, and turns it on its head, poking fun at it to the point that the very term red herring is in itself a red herring, a false clue (or series of false clues), throwing the reader completely off course.SUBSCRIBE NOW Articles Bad Arguments That Make You Smarter Henrik Schoeneberg gets smart about fallacious reasoning. This book, and Fforde's series, is a parody of the genre of classic, hard-boiled detective novels. Here, Fforde takes the notion of a red herring and uses it in a detective mystery novel, but with a twist: Fforde's book is one of a series of humorous detective novels that follows the exploits of its protagonist, a detective named Thursday Next. "'We're talking serious metaherrings here.'" - Jasper Fforde, "One of Our Thursdays Is Missing." Viking, 2011) "'Or perhaps the fact you're meant to think Red Herring isn't a red herring is what makes Red Herring a red herring after all.' Is Red Herring a red herring? Or is it the fact that we're meant to think Red Herring is a red herring that is actually the red herring?' Another example comes from British novelist Jasper Fforde. The perpetrator of the crime, perhaps the murderer, lays out false leads (red herrings) to throw the police off their tracks. Here, red herrings are used to distract and mislead. Do you follow me?' " - Henning Mankell, "The White Lioness," trans. Experience has taught me that red herrings are an important part of intelligence work. That means there are eyes and ears everywhere. I just want you to think critically about what you are doing.
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That doesn't mean I'm excluding the possibility that it really is Mandela these lunatics are after.
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I'd also like you to consider the possibility that these people intend to attack both Mandela and myself. I'd like you to read the report with that in mind, Scheepers.
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One is that it's me, the president, who is the intended victim. Let us imagine two different sets of circumstances. 'Let us assume there are red herrings laid out in appropriate places. "'There is something in the report that disturbs me,' said. Of course, red herrings are also used in fictional mediums, such as in mystery novels. This was a stinky ("pungent") red herring indeed, according to the author. Nor is the red herring within a red herring about single sourced stories really relevant either if your source is good enough, then the story is too." - "Labour's Phoney War," The Guardian , June 28, 2003Īccording to the author of this The Guardian piece, the individual in question, Alastair Campbell-former British Prime Minister Tony Blair's director of communications-managed to use a red herring to turn an argument as to whether the UK should be engaged in the Iraq War into a discussion of how the issue was being covered in the press. The BBC's reporting, though important, is not in fact the real issue that is the strength of the case for action against Iraq. Campbell has achieved is largely a classic use of a very pungent red herring. In the space of a couple of days, Alastair Campbell has managed to turn an argument about the way the government presented its case for war in Iraq into an entirely different dispute about the way the BBC covered what was going on in Whitehall at the time.